Acute Venous Disorder

                                 Acute Venous Disorder

Acute venous disorder are due to thrombus formation that obstruct venous flow and develop blockage when occur in both superficial and deep veins.

Types :-

1. Superficial Venous Disorder :-It is resulting from careless insertion of intravenous line, intravenous catheter or performing diagnostic procedure.
2. Deep Venous Disorder :- Deep vein thrombosis refer to the thromboflabitis of deep vein with obstruction of veins , edema, and swelling of the extremity because of the outflow of the venous blood in inhibited.

Etiology :-

1. Venous stasis
2. Hyper coagulator
3. Trauma injury of venous wall
4. Obstruction Disease
5. Inflammatory Conditions 

{ Note :- these three phenomena(1,2,3) are together called VirChow's syndrome.}

Venous Stasis :- Immobilization or absence of the calf muscles pump or tight bending or tight clotting causes the venous stasis.

other condition that may cause stasis are surgery , paralysis , immobility , obesity , pregnancy.

Hypercoagulity :- It is often accomplished by malegnent , dehydration , and blood dyscariasis may rise the platelet count.                                                                                       Decrease fibrinolysis increase clotting factor and increase the viscosity of blood.oral contraceptives and hematogenic disorders may also cause the coagulity of the blood.

 Vein Wall Trauma :- condition that may cause the vein wall trauma are IV injection , thromboangitis obliterance fracture , chemical injury, from sclerotic agent, radiographics and certain antibiotics.

Risk Factor :-

• Surgery , specially orthopedic surgery, abdominal surgery, and renal transplantation.
• Congesting heart disease
• Cardiomyopathy
• Immobilization
• Stronger prolong travel
• Malignancy
• Previous deep vein thrombosis
• Pregnancy , particularly in purperium period and after cesarean section.
• Trauma
• Estrogen Therapy and contraceptives 
• Obesity

Pathophysiology :-

• Injury ,trauma, inflammation 
• Thrombus formation by platelets
• Adherence to endothelium
• Platelet adhere to collagen
• Adinosindiphosphate release from damage tissue
• Venous Obstruction
• Acute Venous Disorder