- Osteomalacia is the disease in which the bone become abnormally soft because of a disturb calcium and phosphorus balance and secondary to vitamin D deficiency.
- It is characterized by wide spread decalcification and softening of bone specially in the a spine , pelvis and lower extremities.
- Osteomalacia is softening of the bone caused by impair bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of the available calcium ,phosphorus and vitamin D or because excessive re-absorption of calcium.
Etiology :-
- Improper diet
- Strict vegeterianism
- vitamin D deficiency
- less expose to sunlight
- Renal failure
- Tumor induced or oncogenic osteomalacia
- Hyperthyroid induced osteopenia
- Chronic or prolong used by Anti-convulsent drugs
Pathophysiology :-
- Due to vitamin D deficiency or other risk factor
- Improper or lack of calcium metabolism
- Reduced the absorption of calcium in the bones
- Bone become soft and bend
- Susceptible to or leads to fracture
Clinical manifestation :-
- Severe muscular and bone pain
- Fatigue ,malaise
- muscular weakness
- Pseudo fracture / Milkman syndeome,stripe form in bones and seems like fracture
Investigation :-
- CT,MRI
- X-ray
- Dual energy X-ray
- Blood test
- Biopsy (in case of oncogenic osteomalacia)
Medical management :-
- Analgesic to reduce severe pain
- Expose to sunlight
- Dietary intake of vitamin D rich food or sources
- 2000-10000 IV vitamin D ,4-6 weeks orally if malabsorption administered through injection
Nursing management :-
- Pain related to fracture
- Altered nutrition less then body requirement related to calcium and vitamin D deficiency
- Risk of fracture due to disease condition softening of bone
- Impaired physical activity due to disease condition.
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