BPH is also called Benign Enlargement of Prostate or Benign Prostate Enlargement is a non-cancers increase in the size of the prostate .
It is Enlargement of prostate gland and obstruct the out flow of the urine.
Incidence :-
- Approximately 50% clients after 50 years of age and after 80 years of age BPH develops in 90% of males.
Etiology :-
- the exact cause is unknown / idiopathic.
Risk Factor :-
- Aging ( fibrosis and beginning of the muscular tissues in the prostate)
- Hormonal change / imbalance : specially DHT ( di-hydro testosterone). A metabolite of testosterone is the critical mediator of pro-static growth.
- Diet :( Animal protein)
- Hereditary / genetic
- malfunction of testis
- Sexual activity
- Local or abnormal growth
Pathophysiology :-
- Due to any risk factor
- Enlargement of prostate gland
- Obstruction and compression on urethra and bladder
- Bladder can not expel complete urine on each voiding
- Urinary obstruction
- Hydronephrosis
- Renal damage
- The enzymes aromatase and 5-alpha reductase increase in activity. Aromatase and 5-alpha reductase of enzyme are responsible for converting androgen or testosterone hormones into estrogen and di-hydro testosterone.
- This metabolism of androgen hormone leads to decrease in testosterone but raised level of DHT and estrogen. estrogen and DHT has a keep role in the growth of cells in the prostate.
Sign and Symptoms :-
- Anorexia
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Dysurea
- Increase frequency of urination
- Nocturis
- Acute urinary retention
- Decrease muscle tone of urinary
- Bladder leads to loss pf bladder control or inability to urinate
- Fatigue
- Hydronephrosis
- U.T.I.
Investigation :-
- Physical examination
- History collection
- Urine Analysis
- U.S.G. of testis , prostate, kidney
- Translateral ultrasound :- It is done to identify or visualization of prostate gland through the rectum,
- P.S.A. test ( Prostate specific antigen) :- To identify the kidney damage or prostate cancer.
- Cytosopy
- R.F.T. or K.F.T.
- C.B.C.
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